Global Warming

[John Arton]

The so called experts tell us that sea levels will rise by an amount that will mean that many parts of the U.K. will be under water in the next 100 yrs.
I have found the answer to all of this.
Watching "COAST" on Sky History channel the episode has them all exploring the Swedish Baltic coast.
THE BALTIC COAST OF SWEDEN IS RISING BY 1CM a YEAR.
So that's it lads I'm off to Sweden to live, great seafood, lovely blonde girls to ogle, you name it they have it.
Fascinating episode actually
Facts
Sweden has the highest beach in the world, some 500 meters above sea level
Swedish iron ore led to the industrial revolution in the U.K.
Sweden only switched to driving on the right in Sept. 1967
Sweden was bribed into complying with supplying ball bearings to us in WW2 by the Americans
The reason why we drive on the left is a maritime precedence.
When the U.K. drew up the first rules of the road for ships passing each other WE decided that they should pass port to port, i.e. on the left, so when motoring started they used that rule to decide what side of the road you should drive on and in most countries that was the rule. Driving on the right must have been a johnny foreigner throwing the toys out of the pram thingy to get back at us Brits.
Other fascinating features in the same episode was that wheat was still being drought in windjammers from Australia as late as 1947, they actually had an old lady who had come back from Australia on a windjammer in that year.
Also
The voyage from Australia to the U.K. and Europe was used to allow the grain to ripen on voyage and when steamships came in and cut the voyage length down this had a big impact on the trade.
If any of you can get hold of this episode of COAST then I highly recommend you watch it, one of the best episodes of one of my favourite programs.
rgds
JA

[Captain Kong]

A while since, I calculated the surface area of the oceans. at the time the Greens were saying the sea levels will rise by on metre, So I forget now how many trillian trillian square metres are covering the oceans times the one metre extra depth, the figure was unbelievable many Trillians of cubic metres of extra water.
Now water never changes. since the earth was formed countless millions of years ago, the same amount of water on earth then is still the same as today. you cannot get rid of water, it changes to vapour, or ice and so on. So where are the Greens getting their extra water from?
It is in a post somewhere.
Cheers
Brian.

[j.sabourn]

I think every sane person knows that Global warming or cooling as the case may be exists, as it always has and always will as long as the earth rotates on its axis around the sun. The politicians and especially the greens think they are telling us something we don't know, in their quest to gain seats in government in their quest for the usual political advancement. What upsets me is the stupidity of the likes of our now past leader in this country who think they can tax the people in a roundabout way and get away with filling the coffers which they have depleted by their inadequacy in the past. Any answer they have to the problem is not going to achieve any lasting result. I do however agree with trying to keep the air clearer for health reasons, however this is not going to save the world from bursting into flame at some stage as they would have the fainthearted believe. God if indeed there is one will decide and not some ignorant politician trying to climb the ladder of success. John Sabourn

[robpage]

I bet they don't buy it from Southern Water , it would break them

[Peter F Chard]

Don't we drive on the left because in the days of horse or bullock pulled wagons we needed our right arm free in order to crack the whip ?? The time needed to become fully motorised with no animal pulled wagons on the roads must have been about fifty years, so right hand driving persisted. One theory why some countries drive on the right goes back to Napoleon. He is reputed to have marched his troops the wrong way down a one way road and came up behind whoever it was he was fighting and caught them with their pants down !! This is Froggy folklore, not mine. Peter in Auckland.

[Lou Barron]

I am ok i am 900feet above sea level but no good looking female blondes to look at

[Keith at Tregenna]

Always told we followed the rules from the sea:

But learning:

About a quarter of the world drives on the left, and the countries that do are mostly old British colonies. This strange quirk perplexes the rest of the world; but there is a perfectly good reason.

In the past, almost everybody travelled on the left side of the road because that was the most sensible option for feudal, violent societies. Since most people are right-handed, swordsmen preferred to keep to the left in order to have their right arm nearer to an opponent and their scabbard further from him. Moreover, it reduced the chance of the scabbard (worn on the left) hitting other people.

Furthermore, a right-handed person finds it easier to mount a horse from the left side of the horse, and it would be very difficult to do otherwise if wearing a sword (which would be worn on the left). It is safer to mount and dismount towards the side of the road, rather than in the middle of traffic, so if one mounts on the left, then the horse should be ridden on the left side of the road.

In the late 1700s, however, teamsters in France and the United States began hauling farm products in big wagons pulled by several pairs of horses. These wagons had no driver's seat; instead the driver sat on the left rear horse, so he could keep his right arm free to lash the team. Since he was sitting on the left, he naturally wanted everybody to pass on the left so he could look down and make sure he kept clear of the oncoming wagon’s wheels. Therefore he kept to the right side of the road.

In addition, the French Revolution of 1789 gave a huge impetus to right-hand travel in Europe. The fact is, before the Revolution, the aristocracy travelled on the left of the road, forcing the peasantry over to the right, but after the storming of the Bastille and the subsequent events, aristocrats preferred to keep a low profile and joined the peasants on the right. An official keep-right rule was introduced in Paris in 1794, more or less parallel to Denmark, where driving on the right had been made compulsory in 1793.

Later, Napoleon's conquests spread the new rightism to the Low Countries (Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg), Switzerland, Germany, Poland, Russia and many parts of Spain and Italy. The states that had resisted Napoleon kept left – Britain, the Austro-Hungarian Empire and Portugal. This European division, between the left- and right-hand nations would remain fixed for more than 100 years, until after the First World War.

Although left-driving Sweden ceded Finland to right-driving Russia after the Russo-Swedish War (1808-1809), Swedish law – including traffic regulations – remained valid in Finland for another 50 years. It wasn’t until 1858 that an Imperial Russian decree made Finland swap sides.

The trend among nations over the years has been toward driving on the right, but Britain has done its best to stave off global homogenisation. With the expansion of travel and road building in the 1800s, traffic regulations were made in every country. Left-hand driving was made mandatory in Britain in 1835. Countries which were part of the British Empire followed suit. This is why to this very day, India, Australasia and the former British colonies in Africa go left. An exception to the rule, however, is Egypt, which had been conquered by Napoleon before becoming a British dependency.

Although Japan was never part of the British Empire, its traffic also goes to the left. Although the origin of this habit goes back to the Edo period (1603-1867) when Samurai ruled the country, it wasn’t until 1872 that this unwritten rule became more or less official. That was the year when Japan’s first railway was introduced, built with technical aid from the British. Gradually, a massive network of railways and tram tracks was built, and of course all trains and trams drove on the left-hand side. Still, it took another half century till in 1924 left-side driving was clearly written in a law.

When the Dutch arrived in Indonesia in 1596, they brought along their habit of driving on the left. It wasn't until Napoleon conquered the Netherlands that the Dutch started driving on the right. Most of their colonies, however, remained on the left as did Indonesia and Suriname.

In the early years of English colonisation of North America, English driving customs were followed and the colonies drove on the left. After gaining independence from England, however, they were anxious to cast off all remaining links with their British colonial past and gradually changed to right-hand driving. (Incidentally, the influence of other European countries’ nationals should not be underestimated.) The first law requiring drivers to keep right was passed in Pennsylvania in 1792, and similar laws were passed in New York in 1804 and New Jersey in 1813.

Despite the developments in the US, some parts of Canada continued to drive on the left until shortly after the Second World War. The territory controlled by the French (from Quebec to Louisiana) drove on the right, but the territory occupied by the English (British Columbia, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland) kept left. British Columbia and the Atlantic provinces switched to the right in the 1920s in order to conform with the rest of Canada and the USA. Newfoundland drove on the left until 1947, and joined Canada in 1949.

In Europe, the remaining left-driving countries switched one by one to driving on the right. Portugal changed in 1920s. The change took place on the same day in the whole country, including the colonies. Territories, however, which bordered other left-driving countries were exempted. That is why Macau, Goa (now part of India) and Portuguese East Africa kept the old system. East Timor, which borders left-driving Indonesia, did change to the right though, but left-hand traffic was reintroduced by the Indonesians in 1975.

In Italy the practice of driving on the right first began in the late 1890s. The first Italian Highway Code, issued on the 30th of June 1912, stated that all vehicles had to drive on the right. Cities with a tram network, however, could retain left-hand driving if they placed warning signs at their city borders. The 1923 decree is a bit stricter, but Rome and the northern cities of Milan, Turin and Genoa could still keep left until further orders from the Ministry of Public Works. By the mid-1920s, right-hand driving became finally standard throughout the country. Rome made the change on the 1 of March 1925 and Milan on the 3rd of August 1926.

Up till the 1930s Spain lacked national traffic regulations. Some parts of the country drove on the right (e.g. Barcelona) and other parts drove on the left (e.g. Madrid). On the 1st of October 1924 Madrid switched to driving on the right.

The break-up of the Austro-Hungarian Empire caused no change: Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and Hungary continued to drive on the left. Austria itself was something of a curiosity. Half the country drove on the left and half on the right. The dividing line was precisely the area affected by Napoleon's conquests in 1805.

When Germany annexed Austria in 1938, Hitler ordered that the traffic should change from the left to the right side of the road, overnight. The change threw the driving public into turmoil, because motorists were unable to see most road signs. In Vienna it proved impossible to change the trams overnight, so while all other traffic took to the right-hand side of the road, the trams continued to run on the left for several weeks. Czechoslovakia and Hungary, among the last states on the mainland of Europe to keep left, changed to the right after being invaded by Germany in 1939 and late 1944 respectively.

Meanwhile, the power of the right kept growing steadily. American cars were designed to be driven on the right by locating the drivers' controls on the vehicle's left side. With the mass production of reliable and economical cars in the United States, initial exports used the same design, and out of necessity many countries changed their rule of the road.

Gibraltar changed to right-hand traffic in 1929 and China in 1946. Korea now drives right, but only because it passed directly from Japanese colonial rule to American and Russian influence at the end of the Second World War. Pakistan also considered changing to the right in the 1960s, but ultimately decided not to do it. The main argument against the shift was that camel trains often drove through the night while their drivers were dozing. The difficulty in teaching old camels new tricks was decisive in forcing Pakistan to reject the change. Nigeria, a former British colony, had traditionally been driving on the left with British imported right-hand-drive cars, but when it gained independence, it tried to throw off its colonial past as quick as possible and shifted to driving on the right.

After the Second World War, left-driving Sweden, the odd one out in mainland Europe, felt increasing pressure to change sides in order to conform with the rest of the continent. The problem was that all their neighbours already drove on the right side and since there are a lot of small roads without border guards leading into Norway and Finland, one had to remember in which country one was.

In 1955, the Swedish government held a referendum on the introduction of right-hand driving. Although no less than 82.9% voted “no” to the plebiscite, the Swedish parliament passed a law on the conversion to right-hand driving in 1963. Finally, the change took place on Sunday, the 3rd of September 1967, at 5 o’clock in the morning.

All traffic with private motor-driven vehicles was prohibited four hours before and one hour after the conversion, in order to be able to rearrange all traffic signs. Even the army was called in to help. Also a very low speed limit was applied, which was raised in a number of steps. The whole process took about a month. After Sweden's successful changeover, Iceland changed the following year, in 1968. On 2 April 1972 Nigeria swapped sides and Ghana did the same thing in 1974.

In the 1960s, Great Britain also considered changing, but the country’s conservative powers did everything they could to nip the proposal in the bud. Furthermore, the fact that it would cost billions of pounds to change everything round wasn’t much of an incentive… Eventually, Britain dropped the idea. Today, only four European countries still drive on the left: the United Kingdom, Ireland, Cyprus and Malta.

On 7 September 2009 Samoa (population 189,000) became the third country ever to change from right- to left-hand driving. It had been driving on the right since it had become a German colony in the early 20th century, although it was administered by New Zealand after the First World War and gained independence in 1962. Prime Minister Tuilaepa Sailele Malielegaoi wanted to swap sides to make it easier to import cheap cars from left-hand driving Japan, Australia and New Zealand.

K.

[Keith at Tregenna]

International regulations for preventing collisions at sea decree that all water traffic should keep to the right when two sea craft pass one another going opposite directions. The reason for this was that historically the steering oar for ships was on the right hand side of the boat. Thus, by passing each other port to port (keep-right), they would protect the steering oars from colliding as would have been possible had they adopted a keep-left rule.

Certain cars had tillers before steering wheels and there was something nautical ?

K.

[cappy]

Louis ihad a great girlfriend from Dunedin in 1960 name of erin but had met her in Auckland she was a cracker ....isee her as she was then but being older would now be in her 80s if still here ....just a memory of wild times regards cappy

[Lou Barron]

Nice to know you did have connection with Dunedin Cappy its a pity you cannot remember her name