John I wouldn’t like to be a submariner in any. Navy. Takes a person of a certain disposition to volunteer for such. Sailed with achief engineer in a post long ago on here a Lieutenant Fuchter lived in Portsmouth, a right character and a good shipmate. Started as a stoker and came out as a lieutenant and reckoned he was the oldest commissioned lieutenant in the navy on retiring. Sailed as chief on a cert. of service. On merchant ships. His wife used to say to him according to him , Gerry when you were a matelot you were a gentleman now your an officer your a pig. He spent time during the war on submarines, and all this movie stuff in the RN of up and down periscope was very rare, and most torpedo attacks were made from the conning tower with a well ballasted down sub for a quick crash dive. Today however all is different as most torpedoes will find their targets without having to sight first. I also met in 1980 a Commander Littlejohn who was in command of the then Britain’s latest deterrent , when he left the RN he was employed by the US as an advisor on under water warfare. He was a star in his own right. Cheers JWS.